The principal application of ejectors in the food industry is their use for drawing a vacuum and for thermal vapor recompression in evaporators chapter 19. Steam jet vacuum pumps vacuum technology gea group. Steam jet ejectors educt process gases into the steam chest and then through a specially understand realworld problems of vacuum ejector performance use these guidelines and case histories to evaluate and troubleshoot. Depending on conditions, however, a singlestage unit may be more economical at. Fox has forty years of experience designing and building venturi products for demanding applications.
Case studysteam jet ejector free download as powerpoint presentation. The major difference between the ejector and the vacuum pump or compressor is it had no moving parts. A steam injector is typically used to deliver cold water to a boiler against its own pressure, using its own live or exhaust steam, replacing any mechanical pump. These power systems have found wide acceptance in modern plants because of the small space requirements, simplicity, reliability, low maintenance and quick starting. Ejector working principle mechanical engineering site. Steam ejectors provide vacuum in many process industries and utility companies. Graham corporation ejector troubleshooting youtube. Steam jet ejectors for the process industries robert b. Steam jet vacuum ejectors remove gases andor vapours from process operations thereby generating a vacuum in the reactor.
A steam jet ejector is a simple device that uses pressurized steam to create a partial vacuum inside an enclosed system by pumping gases and vapors out of the system. In a steam jet ejector, the suction chamber is connected to the vessel or pipeline that is to be evacuated under vacuum. Jet ejectors are popular in the chemical process industries because of their simplicity and high reliability. Through the acquisition of hick hargreaves in 2001 edwards have been instrumental in the development of steam ejectors from the original crude single stage. Steam jet ejector water jet ejector vacuum jet ejectors. Some of these involve distillation,filtration, drying, degassing,deodourizing, deaeration, crystallization and many others. The ejectors form an integral part of distillation columns, condensers and other heat exchange processes. Introduction suction nozzle ejector has been widely used in different cycles for refrigeration purposes, such as recovery of expansion work, utilization of lowgrade energy solar energy, geothermal energy and waste heat. When first developed, its operation was intriguing because it seemed paradoxical, almost like perpetual motion, but it was later explained using thermodynamics. Condensers used with venturi ejectors fox venturi products. Click below to download the product brochures in pdf format.
Hot water is an indespensable medium in industrial processes. Feasibility study of replacing steam ejector with liquid ring. The simplest, most reliable and economical way to chill liquids and solids steam jet chiller. Steam jet ejectors are employed in the chemical process industries and refineries in numerous and very often unusual ways.
Pdf experimental investigation of adjustable ejector performance. It would be better if you can get hold of the standard. The two major functions of ejectors are as follows. Steam jet refrigeration systems applications shailvac. They condensate out both the motive steam vapor from an ejector along with any condensables handled by the ejector. If you can then use the typical steam jet ejector, the second article tells points to consider when you figure what an ejector will cost. Current advances in ejector modeling, experimentation and. Steam jet ejectors new field industrial equipment pvt ltd.
Ejector design software ejector sizing calculation ezejector. Process applications that require ejectors manufactured in stainless, kynar pvdf. Gea is one of the largest suppliers for food processing technology and of related industries. In a comparative test of steamjet and waterjet ejectors removing the airsteam mixture from the condenser of the steam turbine, it was found that the waterjet ejectors provide lower pressure in the condenser than steamjet ejectors. In this case, the spindle is essentially changing the dimensions of the. Convert pressure to velocity without moving parts jet vac two stage hybrid steam jet. Ejectors will handle highly corrosive vapours and fluids. Fox supplies a complete range of steam ejectors and steam jet vacuum systems required by industry. The ejector design principles used in the ejector calculations for the program are explained including the ejector energy balance and effects of the ejector flow cones. There are still many applications, however, such as those with large capacity requirements, where ejectors are the only equipment that can produce. In this example two jet ejector stages are connected in series to achieve a suction pressure of 1 mbar with a minimum of motive.
Basic ejector components are the steam chest, nozzle, suction, throat, diffuser and they discharge fig. Steam jet ejectors for the process industries 2nd edition, robert b. Pdf an experimental study on the performance of an adjustable ejector is presented. Steam jet ejectors for the process industries 2005 edition. Due to the broad range of applications for steam jet vacuum equipment, the units are frequently specified in special alloys and plastics. Steam jet ejector for evaporation application is designed to handle small quantities of noncondensable and non condensable vapors and to scrub gas also of outlet gases, its also available in various moc for batch and continuous application also ejector system are used in several industries like oilpetro chemicals, vacuum drying, dehydration, evacuation vacuum filling, conveying, venting. Steam jet ejector system steam jet ejector for process. The motive fluid for these type of water jet ejectors is water instead of steam.
Multi stage steam ejectors enable lower suction pressures to be achieved than can be produced by a single stage unit. Since an ejector has no valves, rotors, pistons or other moving parts, it is a relatively lowcost component is easy to operate and requires relatively little maintenance. Jul, 2016 combine graham steam jet ejectors with other graham equipment, such as process condensers and liquid ring pumps, and you have a single source of supply and a responsible, total solution for. Technology and applications gea engineering for a better. These steam jet ejectors are very sturdy and durable which provide convenient and trouble free operation for prolonged use. Very often, the motive fluid is steam and the device is called a steam jet ejector. They usually save as much as 10% to 20% in motive steam, compared with singlenozzle units designed for the same conditions. Steam jet ejectors for the process industries 2005. Especially the chemical industry makes largely use of steam jet ejectors to generate the vacuum required in many distillation processes. Condensers can be placed before the vacuum system precondenser or between the stages of a vacuum system intercondenser to achieve this end.
Process controls corporation type steam jet ejectors. Combining low capital cost, simple operation, high reliability and the ability to handle. In practice, for suction pressure below 100 mbar absolute, more than one ejector is used, usually with condensers between the ejector stages. Steam jet air ejector for motor ships steam jet air ejector a steam jet ejector may be used to withdraw air and dissolved gases from the condenser. Steam jet ejectors were for many years the workhorse of the chemical process industries for producing vacuum. We provide technologies for steam refrigeration for following applications. An ejector is similar to an of vacuum pump or compressor. Review on ejector efficiencies in various ejector systems fang liu shanghai university of electric power, shanghai. In this study, ejector mathematical models have been presented based on basic thermodynamic relations. This reduces the size and steam consumption of the succeeding stages and results in a reprinted from petroleum refiner, december 1958 1 ejectors ejectors are simple pieces of equipment. It explains how different ejectors are installed, how they. This first case has momentum addition from the sidepipe into the main stream check the pipe sizes.
The figure on the right illustrates a 3stage system. The singlephase compressible ejector type with air and steam has. Virtually maintenancefree with no moving parts, they can be fabricated from almost any material, and can be used in every industry that requires vacuum. In this network five different approaches are described in order to model jet pumps and steam or gas ejectors in flownex. Steam jet ejectors for the process industries 1st edition mcgrawhill, inc. Steam ejector systems for the process industries edwards vacuum. There are still many applications, however, such as those with large capacity requirements, where ejectors are the only equipment that can produce sufficient vacuum. High vacuum steam jet ejectors, such as v and w stages which operate below 4.
Edwards custom engineered products cep group, evolved from the acquisition of hick hargreaves, can provide you with equipment and turnkey services for your oil and gas, petrochemical, power generation, cpi and associated industry applications. Steam jet vacuum systems 1 silent steam water jet heaters 2 air nitrogen ejectors for chemical sampling 3 jet mixing systems for process or effluent fluids 4 jet pumps for chemical dilution pumping 5 jet. Vacuum ejectors are used in a variety of applications in the process industries, such as food and beverage, chemicalpetrochemical, waste reduction, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, power and energy, and. Steamjet vacuum systems combine ejectors, condensers and interconnecting. Jetvac technologies specializes in hybrid steam jet vacuum systems, steam jet ejectors and chiller systems. The steam jet exhauster or vacuum pump is gas jet gas pump and is the basic stage for all high vacuum equipment. In this study, semiempirical models are developed for design and rating of steam jet. Penberthy jet pumps provide a practical alternative to more complicated and expensive methods, jet pumps offer simple, more costeffective ways to pump, mix or heat a wide range of liquids and gases used in the process industry. The global group specializes in machinery, plants, as well as process. Due to simple design and lack of moving parts in system, installation costs. Combining low capital cost, simple operation, high reliability and the ability to handle large volumes at very high vacuum levels, they can be optimized to. The fluids can be steam, air, propane or any other vapor phase material. Ejectors are employed in the industry in numerous, unique and. In each stage of the steam jet ejector, high pressure steam is expanded in a convergentdivergent nozzle.
The two stream mix and discharge to an intermediate pressure. A complete guide to getting the best from steam jet ejectors. The suction flow is compressed to a higher pressure. Vacuum is created, air or gas is entrained and mixture of gas and steam entersread more. Graham corporation ejector efficient operation youtube. With increasing emphasis on stricter pollution control, their use was curtailed.
The attached article has a equation english units as given in the standards for steam jet vacuum systems published by heat exchange institute hei. Effect of water supply and return temperature on performances of water injector. The attached figures illustrate the two types of steam jet air ejector sjae systems used in the industry to remove noncondensables and water vapor from main condensers. During system design, critical decisions must be made regarding process. Can operate safely under the most hazardous conditions.
An ejector is a device used to suck the gas or vapour from the desired vessel or system. Free demo programs for a short time are offered to let you see how the ejector program works they are not intended for your design work. Performance optimization of steam jet ejector using cfd. Nash is globally recognized for assembling the most efficient steam jet and air ejectors and ejector vacuum systems. Twostage steam jet ejectors have the same general field of application as the single stage units. Steam jet ejectors for the process industries mcgrawhill.
When the speed of a fluid increases its pressure decreases and vice versa. Request pdf evaluation of steam jet ejectors steam jet ejectors are an. Steam flow to an ejector must be maintained at the design rates, otherwise vacuum column operating pressure may increase. Steam jet ejectors operating principles steam jet ejectors operate on a massvelocity principle. Steam jet vacuum ejector systems jetvac technologies.
When utilizing hp motive gas from existing sources, ejectors also called eductors or jet pumps have no running costs. Our ejectors are used in large variety of applications. Since 1936 graham corporation has been supporting our customers around the globe with heat exchangers, water heaters, steam surface condensers, steam jet ejectors steam. H k industries manufacturer of steam jet ejector systems and. Steam jet ejectors are based on the ejector venturi principle. Nov 28, 2014 ejector steam jet ejectorvaccum pumpventuri vaccum pump working principle duration. The new standard now integrates the previous three separate standards on steam jet ejectors. The moved fluid is lowpressure water vapor from the evaporator. The interstage condensers economise on the use of motive steam as the operating steam from the upstream stage of the system is condensed leaving only the saturated non condensable gas to be handled by the next stage. Condensing of motive steam greatly improves ejector set efficiency. Washing, heating, sterilising and rinsing are possible applications, and the list can be extended at will. Please provide us with some information about your vacuum application needs and we will provide you with a free quote to meet your specific requirements. In a spindleoperated ejector, the nozzle and tapered spindle work together similar to a needle valve.
With no moving part and no fear of leakage of hazardous refrigerants, steam jet refrigeration systems have become a very common mean for achieving refrigeration in various chemical industries. An ejector is a device used to suck the gas or vapour from the desired vessel. Jet pumps can operate with a wide variety of motive liquids and gases. Stateoftheart manufacturing facilities combine lean manufacturing principles. Hence it is relatively lowcost and easy to operate and maintenance free equipment. Steam jet ejectors are based on the ejectorventuri principle. Steam ejectors can also be combined with liquid ring vacuum pumps to create a hybrid capable of deep vacuum that ejectors can deliver but with lower energy use. They are widely used to generate vacuums with capacity ranges from very small to enormous. Thermocompressors use highpressure stream to entrain a lowpressure stream. Applications for steam ejectors increased throughout the 20th century and today edwards has with many years of experience in the design, manufacture and supply of steam ejector systems to many demanding applications in the process industries. Normal range for a water jet ejector is from atmosphere to 45 mm hg abs depending upon the water temperature. Steam jet ejectors are used in the chemical, petrochemical, pulp and paper, food, power, steel and allied industries in connection with such operations as filtration, distillation and evaporation, absorption, mixing, vacuum packaging, freeze drying, flash cooling, deaerating, dehydrating and degassing to. H k industries is a leading manufacturer of multistage steam ejector systems in the country.
The third article, suggesting how to get the most from ejectors, gives tips on troubleshooting and choosing materials of construction. Combine graham steam jet ejectors with other graham equipment, such as process condensers and liquid ring pumps, and you have a single source of supply and a. The mass of highvelocity steam is discharged from the nozzle in a directed flow through an air chamber and into a convergentdivergent. These steam jet ejectors are typically used in air conditioning, refrigeration, petroleum and chemical industries. The decisive advantage is to separate the cooling and the process medium. Understand realworld problems of vacuum ejector performance. Multistage, steam jet vacuum systems, surface condenser.
Steam jet ejectors for the process industries by robert b. Effect of operating conditions on water injector of. Penberthy jet pumps can be used for pumping, mixing and or. Steam jet vacuum systems 1 silent steam water jet heaters 2 air nitrogen ejectors for chemical sampling 3 jet mixing systems for process or effluent fluids 4 jet pumps for chemical dilution pumping 5 jet pumps for mixing transporting powders 6. In this paper, the steam jet ejector was designed and then the cfd analysis was carried out for the geometry and the inlet condition data verified by the performance evaluation of the jet ejector. In multistage ejectors, it is usually advantageous to condense the steam from each stage in a watercooled intercondenser so as to reduce the load to the succeeding stage. Table 2 gives an overview of some advantages and disadvantages of steam jet ejectors. Nash has been designing, manufacturing and troubleshooting steam jet air ejector systems since 1986.
The kl and its upgrade kl sst, designed to combine the strength of. If you can then use the typical steam jet ejector, the second. An ejector is based upon bernoullis principle which states. Steam jet compressors are part of many process engineering applications. Ejector modeling and examining of possibility of replacing. Basic components of a steam jet ejector a single stage steam ejector can produce only a limited vacuum cfr. Due to their simplicity, constantpressure jet ejectors that. Also known as thermocompressors or vapour compressors, steam jet compressors compress steam flows in various processes in a simple way. Steam jet ejectors i the largest vacuum producing devices available i are used in the most demanding of applications. Being a unique concept of refrigeration, steam jet refrigeration systems find various industrial applications. Request a process vacuum system quote jetvac technologies. Review on ejector efficiencies in various ejector systems.
Steam jet ejectors for the process industries first edition. Other types of injector may use other pressurised motive fluids such as air. Steam jet ejectors are used in the chemical, petrochemical, pulp and paper, food, power, steel and allied industries in connection with such operations as filtration, distillation and evaporation, absorption, mixing, vacuum packaging, freeze drying, flash cooling, deaerating, dehydrating and degassing to name. Our steam jet ejectors are able to process high vacuum levels, low pressure and low molecular gases. Introduction ejectors are important equipment to produce vacuum and although have a relatively low efficiency, many industries and power plants use them to produce vacuum. Our services include process and mechanical design, development, project management and installation of multistage systems. They handle both condensable and noncondensable gases or vapors, as well as mixtures of the two. Index terms ejector, modeling, mixing chamber, vacuum pump liquid. Evaluation of steam jet ejectors request pdf researchgate. Steam jet ejectors are typically furnished in cast iron or steel with a nozzle of stainless steel.
Steam jet ejectors, the largest vacuum producing device. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Figure 2 shows the ejector working process in a co 2 pressure enthalpy diagram. Jet vac technologies steam jet ejectors operate by passing motive steam, through an expanding nozzle. Vacuum products steam jet ejectors by graham corporation. In order to achieve the best operating costs, the steam jet pumps are designed for all the process conditions in. Steam jet compressors, jet pump, thermocompressor, ejector. Using them reduces the energy consumption of the process and cuts the machinerys operational costs sustainably. Drain valves installed at low points can be either manual or automatic. Steam jet ejectors for the process industries book, 1994. The thermocompressor is a steam jet steam compressor, shown with a diaphragmoperated spindle for control purposes. Steam jet ejectors the largest vacuum producing devices available are used in the most demanding of applications. The ejectors which are distinguished from other types of compressors as having no moving parts, work on the ejector venturi principle of converting the pressure energy of a motivating fluid to velocity energy in order to entrain the suction fluid.
For this application, steam is used as the motive fluid and therefore the device is called a steam jet ejector fig. Ejectors for the process industries typical applications. Ejector systems are available in unlimited range of capacities and can. H k industries manufacturer of steam jet ejector systems. Can be fabricated in any materials of construction.
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